Which hormone is associated with the fight-or-flight response and is produced by the adrenal glands?

Explore the Biological Bases of Behavior Test. Prepare with engaging flashcards and multiple choice questions, each featuring explanations. Start practicing today!

Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the hormone released by the adrenal medulla that triggers the rapid changes of the fight-or-flight response. When released, it activates the sympathetic nervous system to raise heart rate and force of contraction, dilate airways, increase blood glucose for quick energy, and redirect blood to working muscles. This rapid hormonal surge readies the body for action in the face of stress or danger. Norepinephrine is also produced by the adrenal glands and supports arousal and vascular tone, but adrenaline is the classic hormone most closely associated with the immediate fight-or-flight response. Dopamine and serotonin are brain-related neurotransmitters with different roles and are not the primary adrenal hormones driving this acute response.